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The main upward pressure came from changes in the price of road fuel. Petrol pump prices rose by 2.7 pence per litre in October, in large part reflecting the increase in fuel duty that came into effect on the first of the month. Last year, by contrast, petrol prices fell by 5.2 pence per litre.

There was also a large upward contribution from air travel, with fares to European destinations bucking the usual seasonal pattern by rising this October, whereas they fell a year ago.

A further large upward effect came from food, particularly from meat, where there were strong recoveries in the price of bacon, and from fruit, in particular from increases in the price of strawberries and bananas. Smaller upward contributions came from changes in the price of biscuits and cakes, and from eggs.

The largest downward contribution to the change in the CPI annual rate came from gas and electricity bills which both fell slightly this year as a result of the continued phasing in of tariff reductions. Over the same period last year, average gas and electricity bills rose.

Retail prices index (RPI) inflation rose to 4.2 per cent in October, up from 3.9 per cent in September. The main factors influencing the RPI were similar to those affecting the CPI. RPIX inflation – the all items RPI excluding mortgage interest payments – was 3.1 per cent in October, up from 2.8 per cent in September.

As an internationally comparable measure of inflation, the CPI shows that the UK inflation rate in September, at 1.8 per cent, was below the provisional figure for the European Union as a whole of 2.2 per cent.

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Related links

• Office for National Statistics
• Consumer Price Indices (First Release) – October 2007